Let's see how some important lifestyle factors affect fertility. Tobacco use: Smoking cigarettes or chewing tobacco affects spermatogenesis, the process by which sperm cells develop. Tobacco use has also been linked to low sperm count, altered motility, and hormonal imbalance. Women who smoke are prone to early menopause and this also increases female infertility. According to recent research, passive smoking can also cause infertility. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the prevalence of tobacco use in India is 17 percent, with India having the highest prevalence of smokeless tobacco use. Drinking too much alcohol: While there are many negative effects of drinking too much alcohol, men's fertility is affected in terms of decreased seminal quality, low testosterone levels, decreased semen volume, and sperm count, among other things. alcohol use affects women's hormones, which can lead to irregular ovulation or early menopause. Even a small amount of alcohol can harm the ability to conceive. Contraceptive use: Long-term use of oral contraceptives significantly affects female fertility. Contraceptives cause hormonal imbalance in the body, which causes a woman to have irregular periods. It may take several months for ovulation to return to normal. According to a recent study, the use of contraceptives has increased in India. Unusual weight: Overweight: Being overweight with a body fat level that is 10-15% higher than normal can completely disrupt a reproductive cycle's hormone balance. Underweight: Being underweight with a body fat level that is 10-15% lower than normal can completely shut down the reproductive axis and its functioning. Environmental risks: According to scientific evidence, long-term exposure to high mental stress, high temperatures, chemicals, radiations, or heavy electromagnetic or microwave emissions may reduce fertility in both men and women. Social risks: Delayed marriage and late conception are associated with an increased risk of non-conception, high chromosomal abnormalities, increased general health problems that interfere with fertility, and an increased risk of miscarriage. At 40, the chances of pregnancy drop to 90-67 percent, and at 45, the percentage drops even further to less than 15%. In addition to the factors mentioned above, there are undoubtedly many other factors including ethnicity that contribute to infertility and lifestyle risk factors that lead to a variety of health problems other than infertility. We must recognize that infertility is a growing problem in the modern world, negatively affecting the health of an estimated 22-33 million Indian couples. We must raise awareness about infertility and its causes, as well as appropriate preventive behaviors and available treatments. Young women must maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes a well-balanced diet and regular exercise. A doctor's consultation is recommended for early evaluation of a prolonged or irregular menstrual cycle. Couples who are unable to conceive after one year of marriage and women who want to start a family after the age of 35 should have their fertility checked. Various advanced infertility treatments are now available in India, but 70% of all cases require only minimal treatment.
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